Why Management and Leadership Need a Better Balance

Leadership promotes new directions; management executes existing directions.

The function of management

Management can do much more than merely keep things ticking over. It manages complex projects ranging from making a major movie to putting the first man on the moon. Managers can use facilitative skills to foster innovation. By sticking to a purely functional definition, we leave completely open the question of style. This liberating move means that managers can be inspiring. They can empower, nurture and develop talent. An inspiring leader influences us to change direction while an inspiring manager motivates us to work harder. Managers needn't be restricted to mechanical control, transactional rewards, bureaucratic methods or relating without empathy. Portraying managers in such negative terms was an accident of history that we now must put behind us.

To get the best out of knowledge workers, managers might set up self-managing teams. Here, the classic functions of management (planning, organizing and controlling) are delegated. But the function of management is still operating even though the manager is not personally doing it. This should dispel the myth of the manager as a control freak or bureaucrat.

By removing all style connotations, leadership benefits as much as management. No longer needing to be inspiring cheerleaders, leaders find it possible to exhibit quiet, factual leadership. This is essential in technical contexts, where a hard business case often moves stakeholders more than an inspirational delivery. Not being committed by definition to any particular style, both leaders and managers are free to use any style that works for the context in which they want to make a difference.

The function of leadership

Leadership needs to narrow its focus to promoting new directions as one-off acts to promote a better way...

...Key features of leadership reinvented

  • It consists in showing a better way, either by explicit advocacy or by example.
  • Those who are led may not report to the person showing leadership, even informally.
  • No implementation is entailed. This is management's domain, getting work done through others, motivating people, developing them (more on management below.)
  • It does not involve managing the people led or getting things done through them.
  • It comes to an end once the target audience buys the need to change. It sells the tickets for the journey; management drives the bus to the destination.
  • It relies on influence; since it’s not an actual role, it can't decide for the group.
  • It can promote ideas developed by others; no need to be creative personally.

This is a very interesting assessment of the role of "leadership" and "management" abilities in an organization, why both are important, and why, in particular, it is time to re-elevate the view of management as an essential skill set for getting things done. Perhaps the best line in the paper is an analogy:

(Leaders) sell the tickets for the journey; management drives the bus to the destination.

This line emphasizes that both processes are necessary to achieve success. It is time to reduce the stigma associated with "management" - the belief that it is rooted in bureaucracy, a lack of creativity, and a defense of the status quo. Effective managers develop organizations, motivate teams, plan for contingencies, and, in many cases, provide warning when a goal is unachievable. Better management (specifically of risk) at big banks would have mitigated the depth of the recent financial crisis. Make sure that your organization is recognizing and rewarding managerial skills as opposed to becoming overly enamored of "one-off" leaders, lest you find yourself full of great ideas that remain unrealized.

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More on How to Be Lucky - Proximity, Practice, Persistence

Lucky

A few months back, I wrote a post about why the clichés about luck are true, and how you could position yourself to take advantage.  This post on Lifehack (How to Be in the Right Place at the Right Time - the photo above is from the post) advances some of the same ideas, and demonstrates how they work with an effective anecdote.  The author proposes that luck is driven by:

Proximity - By putting yourself into situations where you have the experience and knowledge to prosper, you automatically drive up your likelihood of success.

Practice - Using athletic accomplishments as an example (like the outstanding catch David Tyree made for the Giants in Super Bowl XLII), the author points out that many instances of luck are the result of thousands of hours of practice (and thus advises not giving up on practicing a skill too soon).

Persistence - By simple math, being in a lot of places at a lot of times increases your probability of being in the right place at the right time. So even for mundane events and experiences, it's valuable to be "in the present" and looking for opportunities to learn and grow.

As you can tell, I'm a passionate advocate that we (generally) control our own destiny.  Doing it well requires a constant attention to your environment and an awareness of your ultimate goals.  If, for example, I qualify for the Boston Marathon next month, it will not be because I had a lucky day - it will be the accumulation of setting the right goal, developing the plan to work towards it, executing the plan, and, maybe even most importantly, taking advantage of opportunities to become a better runner through extra practice or finding sources of motivation in everyday activities.

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5 Rules for Managing "Clever" Employees

  • Create incentives that embrace failure and maximize learning. The example we use for this deals with a drink developed by Diageo: Smirnoff Ice, a mixture of alcohol and pop. It was the eleventh version of a sweet alcoholic drink that they had tried. Many organizations that try to innovate fail a few times and give up; they didn’t.
  • Protect clever employees from “organizational rain.” Don’t harass them if they’re two weeks late handling their performance appraisals. Don’t expose them to politics. Talk to them straight, and don’t deceive them.
  • Now, here’s something that is in contradiction with much of the old business literature: give them real-world challenges, with constraints. Don’t build ivory towers.
  • Create a galaxy of stars, don’t just recruit one star. You create a great team by having a lot of great players who say, “I want to play for the Lakers, because they are really good.”
  • Use expertise, rather than hierarchy. Provide boundaries, but don’t create bureaucracy.  Explain and persuade, but don’t tell them what to do. If you have a great [engineer or architect] and your task is to come up with the new swimming pool for the Beijing Olympics, that’s enough of a challenge. Don’t worry; they’ll apply their creativity and come up with something brilliant — like the Beijing “Water Cube.”

There is little doubt that "clever" employees, much like smart students, do require special consideration when designing roles and responsibilities, so that they do not become bored and frustrated (personal note - I can attest to this - as a "smart" student in elementary school, I found far too many ways to get in trouble when I was bored by the slow pace of classwork). These tips provide good suggestions on how to do this without giving the appearance that such employees are put on a pedestal or gaining special treatment. The goal is to set an environment where their energies are channeled to meet company objectives in a way that works for their style (which, on deeper thought, is not much different than your goal in defining roles for any employee).

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A Tale of Two Attitudes

Yesterday, I read an article on how a good customer had acquired a few operations of a company in a similar field, who would also have potential use for the solutions we had provided this good customer.  I sent the article on to three of our people involved with the customer, and here are their responses:

#1 (chief engineer, also responsible for a sales territory):  Responded right away: "They like to buy used equipment, but I'm sure they'll get in touch with us if they need anything."

#2 (product manager / designer):  Responded an hour later:  "Hey, sounds like an opportunity, I'll get in touch with our contact to see if there may be opportunities at these new facilities."  A bit later, the contact had already gotten back to our product manager, stating that he would in fact take the idea of using our solutions into these facilities and see if there were some opportunities for us.

#3 (regional sales manager in the acquired facilities territory):  immediately got in touch with our dealer for that territory and, in discovering this dealer had no relationships at these facilities, began talking to potential other routes in to the customer.

Now, which two of the three would you want on your team?  #1 is considered a subject matter expert, but sometimes being the "expert" means you take the basic questions for granted.  Thank heavens we have #2 and #3 on the team as well.

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An ignorant engineer stereotypes marketing

Now, I don't know what this guy's experiences with marketing have been, and I'm sorry if he's worked with amateurs who feel their "2 year associate degree" (his words, not mine) qualify them as gurus, mavens, experts, or lords of marketing. But the critique just doesn't stick when it comes to most of the outstanding marketing talent I have had the pleasure to work with.

Marketing and engineering will always be at odds, and the conflict can be healthy when managed appropriately and used constructively (there is a future blog post in that - jotting note to myself now). Yes, know-it-all marketers without technical knowledge can be dangerous. But in industrial and, in many cases, technology companies, many of the marketing team leaders have come up through engineering. I myself chose to leave the discipline because, as Steve puts it in his comments, I prefer to focus on solving problems for customers.

I wonder if this is the type of engineer who suffers from the "not-invented-here" mentality and closes their mind to customer feedback on what their real needs are, gets too wrapped up in product features without understanding how the customer values (or doesn't value) these features, and is more concerned about being the smartest one in the room instead of getting the business. As bright as you might be, you have a limited future as an engineer if you suffer from these maladies.

Just as I respect the role of engineering and recognize my limitations in my ability to perform their job, I'd expect the same courtesy of the engineers I work with to treat marketing as a professional discipline that requires specialized knowledge. Thank you.

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Office Christmas Party FAIL. Your gift - a pink slip.

via Business Pundit

This genius didn't need to rely on some Facebook digital job-killing flameout.  She did an old-school foot-in-the-mouth blunder.  Though thanks to the alcohol, I doubt her foot can actually find her mouth.  So, here is a timely reminder to be responsible about alcohol at your company's holiday party. Especially if said holiday party is actually a lunch, like ours.

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Leading from the Trenches – 5 + 2 Tips for Standing Out on Any Project

Peering_from_the_trenches

Photo courtesy of World War I Color Photos

Scot Herrick (@scotherrick on Twitter) wrote an interesting post last week on “How to make yourself the de facto leader on any project”.  In this post, he offers five tips to stand out as an individual contributor on a team project, most of which involve just doing the basic blocking and tackling for team meetings that often gets overlooked:

1.       Do your work (seems obvious, but too many get wrapped up in what’s next, instead of what’s now)

2.       Be prepared for all meetings

3.       Know everyone’s position on issues

4.       Offer an agenda if no one has one (related article of interest – How to hijack a meeting. “Hijack” is a bit strong for this context, but the idea of controlling the agenda is valid)

5.       Offer constructive suggestions behind the scenes

As an enhancement to #3, I’d also suggest helping to drive pre-reviews with key stakeholders who are not on the core project team before formal reviews.  This helps ferret out objections in time to address them and makes these stakeholders feel a sense of ownership and participation in the project, thus building momentum for the approvals you need in the actual review.  I had a manager once who, while weak in many other areas was phenomenal at doing this, and project reviews almost always went off smoothly (though, in retrospect, the project should have been stopped much earlier than it eventually was).

I’d also like to offer up two additional tips for leading from the trenches on a team project:

  1. Be vocal at team meetings.  Even when you are not right, being willing to speak up on key issues shows a sense of confidence and enthusiasm for a project.  Too many meeting participants are wall flowers; provoking conversation on key topics is a critical leadership skill that anyone can practice.
  2. Take an opposing viewpoint when “groupthink” has set in.  If you get the sense that agreement is coming too easy and contrary opinions are not being aired, don’t hesitate to take on a contrary position. I have often taken positions that I don’t actually believe in order to make sure debate on key points occurred in meetings.

Obviously, when taken to extremes the last two tips can be counterproductive, but in general project participants are too passive in engaging on key points and provoking debate.  A healthy dose of skepticism is an important element in any project. When done properly, more options and alternatives are considered and better results are achieved.

Do you have any additional tips for leading from within?

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Why All the Clichés about Luck are True, and How to Be One of the Lucky Ones

Coin-flip_phixr

Ever since it I found the article “Be lucky - it's an easy skill to learn”, courtesy of @JeffreyJDavis via Twitter, I have thought a lot about the studies described and whether real life evidence is consistent with the results.  To summarize, this study found that those who self-identify as being “lucky” were far more able to take advantage of opportunities to win money or complete a task more expediently than those considering themselves “unlucky.”  Thus, this offers more support to the view that you can make your own luck (or fortune favors the brave, or whichever other cliché you wish).

The study probably leaves itself open for challenge. For example, were those identified as “unlucky” maybe just in a bad mood, or did they not bring their “A” game to the study?  Nonetheless, the message is clear and consistent with real-life experience.  There is little doubt that optimists tend to be luckier than pessimists.  I’m fortunate to be way out on the “naïve” end of the optimism spectrum; I’d definitely fall in the “lucky” category.

There have certainly been plenty of positive events in life that have come as a result of taking advantage of opportunities.  Take, for instance, meeting my wife, Robyn. We were set up on a blind date for her sorority date party our sophomore year in college.  Now, our natural tendencies, as cautious people, would be to say “sorry, too risky.”  However, neither of us had a particularly stellar dating record to that point. We both, independently, saw it as an opportunity to try something different, with much lower risk given the context of our past failures, and it has been pretty smooth sailing ever since.

Yes, that’s just one anecdote, but every time I think about a good job change, for example, I can trace it back to keeping a mind open to opportunities, or putting myself in the right place at the right time.  At a minimum, there can be no harm in having an open mind and breaking out of routines and comfort zones, as the article suggests.  Certainly, everyone has setbacks in life. Allowing your energy and outlook to be dictated by setbacks rather than opportunities, however, limits your potential for growth and happiness. I, for one, will choose optimism, even if it is, at times, naïve.

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